Objective To investigate the influencing factors of compassion fatigue（CF） among nurses in maternity hospitals,and then to further explore the impact path of factors. Methods 715 nurses in maternity hospitals from Jiangsu were investigated by the cross-sectional survey. A self-developed questionnaire,the Five-Factor Inventory,the Social Support Rate Scale,the Psychological Capital Questionnaire-Revision,and the Compassion Fatigue Scale were adopted to collect data. Results The number of children,personality of neuroticism and agreeableness,social support,and psychological capital are the influencing factors of CF（P<0.05）,while professional titles,length of services,labor relations,personality of extraversion and openness,social support and psychological capital influence compassion satisfaction（CS）（P<0.05）. In structural equation model,the indirect effects of neuroticism on CF or CS existed（ES=0.062,-0.420）. Social support and psychological capital play a partially mediating role in neuroticism and CF（ES=0.017）,accounting for 27.42% of the total indirect effects. They also play a completely mediating role in neuroticism and CS（ES=-0.112）,accounting for 26.67%. Positive personality had a significant indirect effect on CF or CS（ES=-0.158,0.623）,and social support and psychological capital serve as a completely mediating role between them （ES=-0.028,0.102）,accounting for 17.72% or 16.37% of the total indirect effects. Conclusion Nursing managers should take effective measures tailored to personality traits to help nurses meet high levels of social support and psychological capital,so as to promote CS and reduce CF.